1

Human Rights course

Compulsory Course in all Colleges in the University of Basrah in First stage In 21 colleges involved by about 15000 students each year.

Describe the human rights determinations and Amnesty international organization. The course clarifies the human right to live with dignity and without racial, ethnic, sectarian or gender discrimination.It sheds light on the government laws and determination that protects human rights.

2

Fundamental of Ecology

Compulsory Course In 1^st stage at College of Science University of Basrah, Department of Ecology. About 200 students each year are involved.

These courses work on fundamental ecology and the interaction with physical, chemical, and biological components of the ecosystem. The course provides an overview of ecology from the individual organism to populations, communities, and ecosystems, and includes a comparative treatment of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

3

MSc. Ecotechnology

In College of Science University of Basrah Department of Ecology. About 25 students each years are involved.

A course in Ecotechnology blends the knowledge relating to natural science, social science and engineering with the objective to prevent and avoid environmental problems in a sustainable way.

4

MSc. Advanced Biodiversity

In College of Science University of Basrah, Department of Ecology.About 25 students each year are involved.

This course focuses on the threats causing biodiversity loss and the importance of biodiversity conservation. In this course, students will apply the common diversity indices within various biomes. Students will be introduced to the theory and principals involved in conservation and learn about governmental and non-governmental efforts to protect natural environments and develop sustainable practices to meet human needs.

5

MSc. Soild Waste Recycling

In College of Science University of Basrah, Department of Ecology. About 10 students each year are involved

This course focuses on the manage solid waste and how to reuse or recycle it using scientific methods in the environment and how to benefit from it in our daily life

6

BA. Water treatment technologies

In College of Science University of Basrah, Department of Ecology. About 200 students each year are involved.

This course aims to learn about the physical, chemical, and biological treatment of water and wastewater. Wastewater treatment course that deals with systems utilizing mechanical unit operations—water background and benefits from it daily. Also, identify the devices used in purification in different environments.

7

BA. Climate Change

Compulsory Course In 2^nd stage at College of Science University of Basrah, Department of Ecology. About 200 students each year are involved

This course concerns Studying the climatic reality in Iraq and the world, climatic changes and global warming as a global problem and identifying the most important elements of climate and how these elements affect the ecosystem.

8

BA. Environmental Chemistry

Compulsory Course In 2^nd stage at College of Science University of Basrah, Department of Ecology. About 200 students each year are involved

The student can identify the sources of chemicals in the air, water, soil, and forms in the environments and their interactions, transformations, and effects on the living and the ultimate destiny of these materials in the environment. And cycles of some essential elements of biology and the environment.

9

BA. Wetland Ecology

The course is in stage 3^rd in College of Science, Department of Ecology. About 100 students are involved

The course topic covers the characteristics and factors affecting the existence of living organisms and environmental stress—Flora, and Fauna of wetlands and their adaptations. Resist change in environmental factors. Identify the importance of wetland functions and biodiversity. Plant and animal habitats and their niches in ecosystem.

10

BA. Air Pollution

The course is in stage 3^rd in College of Science, Department of Ecology. About 100 students are involved

The course topic covers air pollutants characteristics stationary, mobile sources of air pollutants. Increase knowledge of air pollutants measurement. Identify the health effects of indoor and outdoor of air pollutants.  Learn about the methods of treating and controlling air pollutants.

11

BA. Water and Soil Pollution

The course is in stage 3^rd in College of Science, Department of Ecology. About 100 students are involved

The course works on water and soil pollutants sources and mechanisms to control and reduce them. Regulations and notifications according to water quality and pollution. Importance of the aquatic environment for life on earth. Identify the primary forms of environmental pollution. Identify the effects of different environmental pollutants on various forms of life and the damage they cause to the ecosystem.

12

BA. Organic Pollution

The course is in stage 3^rd in College of Science, Department of Ecology. About 100 students are involved

This course aims to increase the students' knowledge of the types of organic pollutants, their sources, environmental effects, and the physical, chemical and biological changes they cause. Identify the most important non-natural sources of organic pollutants in the air, water, soil and their transformations.

13

BA. Waste treatment and recycling

The course is in stage 4^th in College of Science, Department of Ecology. About 100 students are involved

The course aims to teach the students how to manage solid waste and reuse or recycle it using scientific methods in the environment and benefit from it in our daily lives. Understand how solid and liquid waste affects the different backgrounds and how it is affected by it. Give the knowledge of the environmental role waste plays in different environments and its effects on humans and health.

14

Medical ethics course

Compulsory course in Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentists and Nursing College in the University  2 medicine colleges and 1 pharmacy college and 1 Dentist College and 1 Nursing College) about 2800 students each year.

The course includes the basic concepts that must be adopted by health workers in terms of preserving the patient's dignity, preserving his secrets, and working to relieve the psychological and physical pain he suffers without gratitude for him.The course also explains the concepts of the oath that these students take called the Hippocratic Oath of Medicine.

15

Sociology and equality course

This course in Education Colleges, which are Three Colleges in the University of Basrah TWO of them, are mixed girls and boys and one is just for girls. About 1400 students each year are involved.

Introduction to Sociology. This course introduces the student to the social structure of society and its components. The differences that result from multiculturalism and how they can life together and may make family formation, and sub-communities within the same society without discrimination.

16

Educational Psychology course

These courses in Education Colleges, which are three Colleges in the University of Basrah TWO of them, are mixed girls and boys and one is just for girls.About 1400 students each year are involved.

Educational psychology explains the student the psychological aspects that he may face when he graduates and be a teacher in schools and how he should deal with each case while teaching students. Poverty, hunger and bullying are some examples of these aspects.

17

Sustainability Development   

This subject in stage 3^rd in Economic College in the University of Basrah, the University owns two economic Colleges. About 1200 students are involved this subject each year.

This subject in stage 2^nd in College of Science, Department of Ecology. About 250 students are involved this subject each year.

The subject learns the 17^th Goals of United Nation. It learns how to deal with any negative points that face the follow of these goals. The course includes an introduction to ecosystems service concepts. Importance of biodiversity and its levels in the stability of ecosystems, according to the variety of species. The course increases the knowledge of the factors affecting biodiversity and species extinction and the concept of sustainable development and its scientific principles

18

Urban development Subjects

This subject in stage 3^rd in Economic College in the University of Basrah, the University owns two economic Colleges. About 1200 students are involved this subject each year.

The subject deal with the benefit way of Urban area and how the

19

The economics of renewable energy

This subject in stage 4 in Economic College in the University of Basrah, the University owns two economic colleges. About 1000 students are involved this subject each year.

The course teaches the requirement of students to understand the benefit of green energy and the economics of renewable energy and the feasibility of these types of projects.

20

Ecology and Energy

 Economic College in the University of Basrah,

These subjects study the environment and the way that the energy may harm it and how to deal with this crisis in our community. The effect of nonrenewable energy on Ozone layer, green house, and smoke.

This course covers energy resources and their role in modern society, with both national and global perspectives. Using sustainable energy of solar, wind, hydro and biomass energy resources will be introduced

21

Census

 Economic College in the University of Basrah, 

The subject is contain two parts one is taught part and the other is research part. It is important to understand the way to do the census in our community and the way of increase or decrease the effect of the community on the resources.

22

Green Chemistry

 College of Science 

Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the generation of hazardous substances. EPA's efforts to speed the adoption of this revolutionary and diverse discipline have led to significant environmental benefits, innovation and a strengthened economy.

23

Water and life

 College of Science, Department of Ecology

The course aims to study the biota that lives in fresh, brackish, and marine environments,—also, studying their interactions with environmental factors. The course clarifies the effects of the environmental factors on the organism. Its activity according to the changes of environmental factors.

24

BA. Environmental Disasters

 College of Science, Department of Ecology 

This course works on disasters, their types, causes and methods to deal with them, studying the health effects of environmental disasters, managing disasters before, during and after their occurrence, identifying ways to deal with disasters, providing relief to the afflicted, and rehabilitating the community after the disaster

25

Conserve of the living organisms

College of Science, Department of Ecology

The course works on the nature reserves, their types and the conditions required sustaining the wildlife, as well as how to collect and analyze data for conserving and protecting organisms. Protecting species from extinction, Marian Organisms, Aquatic and terrestrial organisms ,Plant and animal conserves , and The marshes and their role in protecting species

26

BA. Environmental Awareness

 College of Science 

The course aims to teach the students the meaning and importance of environmental awareness and its objectives and how to raise awareness among people to conserve and protect the environment and its components. It also clarifies the most important environmental problems and phenomena of imbalance of the ecosystem and solutions to reduce them.

27

BA. Environmental laws and legislation

 College of Science, Department of Ecology. 

The course works on the international laws and conventions of environmental protection. Focusing on understanding how humans interact with the environment Understand the human role in preserving and sustaining the environment Knowing the essential summaries of the concept of laws and legislation.

28

BA. Environmental Impact Assessment

 College of Science, Department of Ecology. 

The course aims to teach the student the process of evaluating the potential impacts (negative or positive) of a proposed project on the natural environment. This course aims to give decision-makers a way to decide whether to continue or stop the project. Monitoring EIA is the planned and systematic collection of environmental data to meet specific ecological goals and needs.

29

BA. Phytotechnology

 College of Science, Department of Ecology. 

The course aims to teach the students the application of environmentally sound technologies especially the role of plants in reducing pollution and the effect of f microorganisms in the environment and their participation with plants for treatment. This course covers fundamental process applications of phytotechnologies and natural and constructed wetlands in removing nutrients or pollutants

30

BA. Environmental Sanitation

Marine Sciences College

Develop a complete vision for the student about the environmental pollution, waste and the importance of recycling

31

BA, Health Culture

Marine Sciences College

The course seeks to develop physical and mental capabilities of individuals to the fullest extent and allow them to live a socially, economically and culturally productive life in harmony with their environment, ideas, and their desires.

32

BA, Wetland Environment,

Marine Sciences College

By the end of this course, the student will have a complete perception for about the importance of wetlands in the world and in Iraq in particular

33

BA, Fish taxonomy,

Marine Sciences College

The science of fish taxonomy focuses on the foundations and systems that follow to study the division of fish, and there are ways to classify fish that differ from each other

34

BA, Water Ecology

Marine Sciences College

water ecology, like other sciences, presents the general description and the presence of living organisms and their types and their relationship among them in their locations, as well as mentioning the physical and chemical factors for that region.

35

BA, Marine Invertebrates

Marine Sciences College

This course includes all animals apart from the vertebrate members of the chordate phylum, focusing on of the biology, ecology and behaviour of such invertebrates.

36

BA, Environmental pollution,

Marine Sciences College

This subject investigates the levels and behaviour different contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, oil and industrial products.  In addition, lab-work research attempts to address problems that related to local or global environment.

37

BA, Marine Ecology,

Marine Sciences College

Most of the Arab countries have wide marine coasts, and many of them depend on the marine environment and its resources.

38

BA, Microbiology,

Marine Sciences College

The microbiology course includes the groups of organisms that fall under this title, starting with bacteria and their composition, passing through eukaryotic microorganisms such as fungi and protozoa. Study ways of feeding them, and their role in the ecosystem

39

BA, Ecotoxicology

Marine Sciences College

The Ecotoxicology course includes toxins and their branches, the types of toxins in the environment and their effects on the ecosystem generally and human health particularly.

40

BA, Marine Chemistry,

Marine Sciences College

This subject focuses on composition and structure of the substances in the marine environment and the processes that courses in this environment

41

BA, Environmental Chemistry

Marine Sciences College

This subject involves the study of the influence and reactions of chemicals that have on the air, water and soil, and their human health effects.

42

BA, Coastal Water Chemistry

Marine Sciences College

A presentation of the most important characteristics of the marine coastal area and a description of the most important interactions taking and how the natural cycles of the major elements are completed in that area.

43

BA, Sedimentology

Marine Sciences College

It is interested in studying the sedimentary layers of the earth and the mineral wealth they contain, as well as the most important sedimentary structures and deposition processes.

44

BA, Meteorology

Marine Sciences College

Studying weather and climate patterns, physical and chemical properties of the atmospheric gases, as well as studying climatic phenomena, how occur, and the measuring devices.

45

BA, Marine Currents

Marine Sciences College

The course is concerned with studying the types of ocean currents, their characteristics and the factors affecting it, in addition to the methods of measuring.

46

BA, Downstream physics

Marine Sciences College

Study of the movement of currents and the influence of the atmosphere on the Downstream, in addition to the ocean's heat budget.

47

BA, Oceanography

Marine Sciences College

Study oceans and seas in terms of physical, geological, chemical and biological aspects and the most important phenomena in them and their emergence.

48

Transport infrastructure, railways, and motorways.

Topics taught in the Department of Geography, College of Education for Human Sciences, in undergraduate studies

Transport infrastructure is an important axis of the preliminary study in the field of geography to build a future development culture and achieve the drawn strategic plan, and railway structures represent an evolutionary axis that is highlighted to treat congestion problems and economic effects as well as protect the environment, as well as study the infrastructure of cars and transportation methods  How is it built and what are its goals?.

49

International shipping routes in major oceans and seas

Topics taught in the Department of Geography, College of Education for Human Sciences, in undergraduate studies

oceans and seas studying international navigation routes in the oceans and seas, and developing concepts with their economic and industrial axes, including diversification and sustainability in the ways and means.

50

Ports and harbors, their types and importance Maritime and river transport The importance of its infrastructure and the factor influencing it global merchant fleet Kind and importance

Topics taught in the Department of Geography, College of Education for Human Sciences, in undergraduate studies

Ports, harbors and international shipping channelsIt is an infrastructure in which the focus is on the issue of sustainability and what is achieved from it on the economic and all other levels. It is the basis of economic, social and intellectual communication.

sea ​​and river transport, It is one of the topics that belong to the central development goals, including the resources it achieves, and the developmental impact it leaves on more than one side.

The global merchant fleet, its importance and types. This is complemented by other means that have an effective impact on achieving development and global communication on all aspects

51

Fighting poverty and hunger

Specialized studies to fight poverty and hunger, postgraduate and preliminary studies at the College of Education for Human Sciences

1- Spatial analysis of the phenomenon of poverty in the city of Basra using geographic information systems (PhD thesis)

2- Geographical Distribution of the Unemployed Population in the Shatt Al-Arab District for the Years 1997 and 2017, Sa magazine and the Qur’an Dhikr, Issue 22, Winter 2019, p. 545

3- Poverty indicators and trends in its rates in Iraq from 2007- 2017

Midad Al-Adab Magazine, Iraqi University, Baghdad, a special issue of the 2018-2019 conferences

4-Child labor in the city of Khor Al-Zubayr in 2016, the magazine of S and the Qur’an that is mentioned, volume 22, winter 2019 p. 37-.

52

The impact of climate change on sustainable development

Documented scientific studies and study topics in primary and postgraduate studies.  College of Education for the Humanities

The impact of climate changes on sustainable development is based on the study of the climate and its immediate and future changes and how these changes are used to achieve economic and health sustainability by employing these changes to serve these aspects and ward off their danger

53

Primary Education Service Evaluation

Objective study on education in the regions of Basra. College of Education for Human Sciences

The study is based on diagnosing the problems that education suffers from, and then finding solutions to solve these problems with the scientific tools used by researchers.

54

Human rights, justice and empowerment

Study vocabulary in the primary study at the College of Education for Human Sciences

Non-governmental organizations and human rights - International Committee of the Red Cross - Amnesty International - Human Rights Watch Organization, National Human Rights Organizations - Human rights in Iraqi constitutions between theory and reality, modern human rights Facts in development: the right to a clean environment - the right to solidarity - the right  In religion, guarantees of respect and protection of human rights at the national level - guarantees in the constitution and laws - guarantees in the principle of the rule of law.

56

Economical development

Elementary and Postgraduate Vocabulary Topics College of Education for Human Sciences

A study on the agricultural reality and its reform to achieve economic development according to the lifting of obstacles to development and sustainability based on strategic plans

57

-Behavior Modification Phase 4

-Learning and its relationship to behavior modification.
-The nature of learning.

- Learning concept.

-The importance of learning in behavior.

-Learning theories and their applications in behavior modification.

Vocabulary and topics taught in the last year of the Department of Educational Guidance in the College of Education for Human Sciences

Determining the frameworks through which education plays its pivotal role by studying behavior modification in the early university stages and learning and its relationship to behavior modification and the nature of this learning as well as the concept of learning.The importance of learning in behavior and learning theories and their applications in behavior modification.

58

Mental health at school

Methodological topics taught to students in the College of Education for Human Sciences

These topics are concerned with the development of mental health in the school, which is the health of students and what qualifies them to be able in the future to lead after the growth of their mental health to ensure success.

59

Political Systems

College of law /second stage

This item focuses in one of their topics on the peaceful exchange of power according Iraqi and other political systems

60

Public international law

College of law / third stage

Public international law, which studies international relations and the resolution of disputes between states by peaceful means

61

Environmental economics

College of demonstrations and economics\ stage 3 economics oil

This subject teaching about the Environmental and Environmental opinions and how we keep them for subsequent valves 

62

Sustainable energy

College of demonstrations and economics\ stage 4 economics oil

This subject teaching about it deals with everything related to renewable energies and how to get rid of the effects left by fossil fuels

63

Pharmacognosy

College of pharmacy,Department of pharmacognosy 2^nd &3^rd stage students

This course is intended to study the scope of pharmacognosy, Medicinal plant   nomenclature, classification of natural products, phytochemistry which include extraction and isolation of active constituents from natural sources which may be used as product in future for treatment certain medical conditions

64

Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry III

College of pharmacy Department of pharmaceutical chemistry for 4th stage students:

To enable understanding mechanisms of drug action, including antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agents, at molecular level, and the role of medicinal chemistry in the discovery and development of synthetic therapeutic agents. like design and synthesis of new chemotherapeutic agents and hormone derivatives with potential biological activity

65

General toxicology

College of pharmacy Department of pharmacology and toxicology for 4th & 5th stage students

To study the principle of exposure to different chemicals and environmental factors, their sources, mechanisms of toxicity and their risk to human being; it used to understand the required measures to protect living organisms against the suspected toxic hazards. And provide knowledge to how to deal with the toxicity of chemicals and drugs in clinical settings; it enables students to correlate signs and symptoms of toxicity with the analytical data, and to know how to establish preventive and therapeutic measures for poisoning cases.

66

Pharmacoeconomy

College of pharmacy Department of Clinical pharmacy for 5th stage students

This subject teaching about basic understanding of the tools needed to assess the costs and outcomes of medications and pharmaceutical care services. It will enable participants to evaluate the pharmacoeconomic and quality of life literature for the purpose of rational decision-making. Students will be exposed to the drug-focused approaches to pharmacoeconomic research and the fundamentals of quality of life research.

67

Public Health

College of pharmacy Department of Clinical pharmacy for  4th stage students

This course enables the students to understand the principles of public health and the art of preventing disease, promoting health and prolonging life, through organized effort of society.

68

Water Quality

College of Agriculture

This course work on based on the adopted Water Quality Standards, establish designated uses for surface and ground waters and identify the criteria necessary to support those uses

69

Marine  Environment

College of Agriculture

The marine environment encompasses a vast array of unique ecosystems, extending from coastal regions to deep oceans and includes some of the most threatened habitats, particularly the world's coral reefs.

70

Biology of  Polluted Water

College of Agriculture

The main water pollutants include bacteria, viruses, parasites, fertilisers, pesticides, pharmaceutical products, nitrates, phosphates, plastics, faecal waste and even radioactive substances. These substances do not always change the colour of the water, meaning that they are often invisible pollutants. That's why small amounts of water and aquatic organisms are tested to determine water quality.

71

Ecological   Poisoning

College of Agriculture

There is increasing public interest and concern over matters of human health and environmental quality. We commonly hear news reports of health problems that may be associated with some chemical(s), but few people have sufficient background to understand the problems in detail. Toxicology, the study of adverse effects of chemical contaminants on living systems, forms the basis of our ability to predict and prevent adverse effects to human health and the environment .Without an understanding of the basic principles of toxicology, one cannot make a fully informed decision about the true risks and benefits of anthropogenic and natural chemicals to humans and other organisms. This course will provide a broad overview of toxicology and allow students to recognize the relevance of the science in their lives and surroundings

72

Advanced Environmental Pollution

College of Agriculture

Our course provides you with a strong grounding in the quantitative and qualitative skills required to address environmental questions in addition to subject-specific knowledge and understanding.

73

Aquatic  Management

College of Agriculture

The participants gain the skills, knowledge, and applied practical experience in risk management, legislation, and operating practices that dictate the current operating standards of aquatic facilities in Alberta and Northwest Territories.

74

Biological  Oceanography

College of Agriculture

The course introduces the students to biological oceanography. Subjects covered include: Marine life in the oceans, biochemical adaptations to environmental variables, life-history traits, reproduction, hydrography, ocean geography, water masses, seawater characteristics.

75

Fish Health Management

College of Agriculture

Successful fish health management begins with prevention of disease rather than treatment. Prevention of fish disease is accomplished through good water quality management, nutrition and sanitation. Without this foundation it is impossible to prevent outbreaks of opportunistic diseases.

76

Limnology

College of Agriculture

Introduction to limnology: kinds of inland water, their features, and distribution; ponds and lakes; streams and rivers; lentic and lotic ecosystem dynamics

77

Marsh and Wetland Environment

College of Agriculture

Professionals working in Marsh and wetland management and/or wastewater treatment will benefit from this training. They might be employed by organisations that deal with water treatment or with wetlands conservation and sustainable usage

78

Marine and Estuarine Environment

College of Agriculture

Students in the programme have a wide range of interests, but they always revolve on some element of the interaction between biological, physical, and chemical systems in the environment

79

Aquatic Ecology

College of Agriculture

This brief course focuses on the fundamentals of understanding how the environment and aquatic system interact. It covers topics such as ecological processes, species distribution, community structure, function, and change.

80

Environmental Pollution

College of Agriculture

The primary issues of pollution of the atmosphere, water, land surface, and food chain are discussed in this course. It includes the processes that cause pollution to arise and be released into the environment, as well as dispersion mechanisms, the dangers associated with various types of pollutants, toxic substanc.

81

Biotechnology

College of Agriculture

The main enabling technologies that support biotechnology research, such as enzyme discovery and engineering, systems and synthetic biology, and biochemical and process engineering, will be covered in this course.

82

Dairy Processing

College of Agriculture

This course is intended to supplement a learner's current understanding of general food science or to offer a starting point for individuals interested in learning more about dairy foods. The foundations of milk and milk processing, including chemical and physical characteristics, diverse dairy products, safety, and sustainability, are covered in this course.

83

Functional Food

College of Agriculture

Foods that offer a health benefit beyond nutrition are known as functional foods. Functional foods are a hot topic in public health since many bioactive components offer a lot of promise in terms of chronic disease prevention.

84

Enzymes

College of Agriculture

Enzymes are involved in all major cellular processes. They use food to release energy and store it in other sorts of molecules, as well as produce proteins that supply cell structures.

85

Biofilm

College of Agriculture

The course's goal is to provide attendees a basic grasp of biofilm and where to look for it.

86

Antioxidants

College of Agriculture

Antioxidants play a critical role in the human body's overall health. They are essential in preventing or decreasing the oxidation of other biomolecules

87

Dairy Technology

College of Agriculture

This course concerns studying a science and engineering field that deals with the study of milk processing and its products.

88

Industrial Microbiology

College of Agriculture

Microorganisms' physiology, feeding, and growth are vital to a variety of businesses. In the industrial manufacturing process, microbial proliferation must be controlled. Microorganisms are used in the creation of cells, primary and secondary metabolites.

89

Dairy fermentation

College of Agriculture

This is a basic introduction to dairy fermentation. These ferments are not only delicious, but they are also high in probiotics, which will help your gut microbiota thrive. Yogurt (includes how to make Greek yoghurt), Buttermilk, Creme Fraiche, Buttermilk Ranch Dressing, and kefir sourdough bread

90

Feed and diet

College of Agriculture

Learners will receive the information and practical skills they need to begin improving their eating habits in this course. This course will change the focus away from nutritional reductionist arguments and toward practical conversations about actual food and the context in which we consume it.

91

Animal production mechanization

College of Agriculture

Students will gain a complete introduction of animal anagement, nutrition and feed, health, and breeding during this study time. Students will be prepared to work in an animal production environment after completing this level.

92

Animal feeding

College of Agriculture

This course will teach you how to utilise control systems and testing procedures to improve the quality of animal feed. You'll learn about several forms of animal feed production, as well as challenges that impact feed quality and regulatory requirements.

93

Feed manufacturing

College of Agriculture

The course is intended for animal feed mill managers who want to further their education and training.

94

Medicinal and aromatic plants

College of Agriculture

This is an introduction course to medicinal and aromatic plant production, processing, and commercialization on the Prairies.

95

Handling and storage of horticultural crops

College of Agriculture

The course integrates basic biological knowledge with industry practices and introduces current research topics. The course is focused on examining the key concepts of postharvest biology that can be applied to multiple crops rather than exhaustively detailing handling and storage criteria for specific crops.

96

Organic farming

College of Agriculture

Organic farming is an integrated agricultural production method based on ecological principles, biodiversity promotion, biological cycles, and organic matter recycling in order to preserve and increase soil fertility and environmental sustainability.

97

Production of vegetable seeds

College of Agriculture

Many subsistence farmers in underdeveloped nations rely on reliable seed supply to sustain vegetable output and availability, as well as to ensure food security.

98

Date palm Production

College of Agriculture

This course targeted the date palm trees specialists. The course tackled the following: the economic importance and nutritional value of dates, how to create a date palm plantation

99

Tissue culture

College of Agriculture

Tissue culture is the process of growing plants in a laboratory from extremely small (often microscopic) pieces. It is a technique of dissemination that is becoming more popular.

100

Fruit production

College of Agriculture

The management technologies and cultural practices of fruit crops including (but not limited to) blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, strawberries, grapes, peaches, and apples will be presented.

101

Vegetable production

College of Agriculture

Vegetables have the benefit of providing a rapid return on investment. Planting and harvesting most veggies takes only 6 weeks to 6 months. Vegetables, on the other hand, can be risky. Prices might fluctuate dramatically from day to day.

102

landscape design

College of Agriculture

Our landscape design programmes equip students for employment as creative landscape designers

103

Fertilizers technologies

College of Agriculture

This is an introduction course that covers the full spectrum of items that increase soil fertility in a clear and straightforward manner.

104

Soil conservation

College of Agriculture

The Soil Conservation Service team is available to share their practical skills and experience in our comprehensive training program.

These training programs help project managers, civil engineers, plant operators, rural landholders and environmental managers implement best practice techniques in environmental management and natural resource conservation.

105

Soil reclamation

College of Agriculture

The Land Recla­ma­tion cer­tifi­cate includes cours­es focused on soil and veg­e­ta­tive prin­ci­ples, land use guide­lines and relat­ed reg­u­la­tions, soil clas­si­fi­ca­tion, test­ing, and eval­u­a­tion, as well as restora­tion and reha­bil­i­ta­tion meth­ods.

106

Desertification

College of Agriculture

The training course covers technical issues such as causes of desertification/land degradation, seed and seedling production, forestation, erosion control and participatory approach with the aim of increasing the level of regional collaboration.

107

Principles of field crops production

College of Agriculture

This is an introductory course in agronomy with a goal to provide the general principles underlying crop production. The course examines the dynamics and functions of crop communities, influence of the environment on crop production, plant morphology and metabolism, crop growth and development, plant breeding as well as soil water management.

108

Production of Oil and sugar crops

College of Agriculture

Grains production is one of the world's greatest agricultural businesses, providing staple foods like wheat, rice, and corn that are necessary for the survival of the majority of the world's people. This is a dynamic industry that is becoming increasingly technical.

109

Production of Fiber crops

College of Agriculture

Most insects are not pests, and many beneficial insects are commonly found in crops, helping to manage a variety of pests while also providing other ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling.

110

Technology of Cereal

College of Agriculture

This course is aimed to provide students in the Food Science and Technology department a better understanding of how cereals are processed and used. It involves grain milling, particle size analysis, product and by-product use, and more.

111

Weeds and their control

College of Agriculture

The categorization, life cycles, features, and management of weeds are covered in this course, with an emphasis on common and noxious weeds in Iraq.

112

Soil preparation equipment

College of Agriculture

The science and policy behind the best management methods will be covered in this course, as well as the agricultural and urban water quality concerns in Florida, their causes, land and nutrient management techniques, and the science and policy behind the best management practises.

113

Maintenance of tractors and agricultural equipment

College of Agriculture

This course is designed for people who want to pursue a career in agriculture. This certificate will help you reach where you need to go, whether you were raised on a farm and want to improve your expertise or you are entirely new to farming.

114

land reclamation equipment

College of Agriculture

understanding of environmental elements such as ecology, forestry, soils, agriculture, botany, native, water, pollution, and invasive plant species is known as land reclamation. Disturbed sites frequently have unfavourable features that must be addressed.

115

agricultural economy

College of Agriculture

In agriculture, economic thinking is critical since a farmer's livelihood is dependent on the consequences of their actions. Economic data is also required by governments when making policy decisions on behalf of communities.

116

Principles of plant protection

College of Agriculture

Plant protection concepts will be studied for pest control of field, pasture, and horticultural crops.

117

Irrigation and drainage systems

College of Agriculture

Agricultural engineering has been used to optimise the use of natural resources in agricultural production for the benefit of humanity. This course focuses on the use of irrigation and drainage concepts in agriculture to achieve profitable crop production while minimising environmental impact.

118

Integrated Pest Management and Biological Control

College of Agriculture

By the completion of the course, the student has a thorough understanding of the concepts of integrated and biological pest control, as well as a thorough understanding of sustainable plant protection.

119

Biological Control

College of Agriculture

The course teaches students to the basic ideas of insect biology, such as the use of illnesses, predators, parasites, and parasitoids to manage pests, and so on. There are also two field trips included.

120

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs

College of IT and Information Technology

This Course deals with the Wireless sensor network for monitoring many phenomena related to the sustainability such as building a WSNs for monitoring the plant and agricultural phenomena. It also deals with design an actuators-based WSN that is used in smart buildings.

121

Introduction to Renewable Energy

College of Engineering

This course deals with Today’s energy use, Fossil fuels and environmental impact,

Renewable energy source and devices. It also discussed Availability of wind energy, Wind turbines, wind

parks and power control.

122

Smart Grid

College of Engineering

This course deals with the Smart Grid Technologies along with Smart Meters, Advance Metering Infrastructure and power Quality Management in Smart Grid.

123

Principles of Robotics

College of Engineering

This course give an introductions to the robotics systems that is being used in automations  of building.

124

Industrial Automation

College of Engineering

This course provide hours of programming the automation of industrial by using different programming languages that deals with sensors and actuators

125

Soft Computing Techniques

College of Engineering

This course discusses the computational intelligence systems and how to programming them using fuzzy logic, bio-inspired algorithms, and machine learning technique.

126

Engineering Economics

College of Engineering

This course dealing with how to Making Economic Decision regarding many engineering subjects, one of those subject is the Renewable Energy Projects from economic perspective.

127

Introduction to Nanotechnology

College of Engineering

This course provide a background and definition of Nanotechnology. Hence, one of the most topic in this course is dealing with Medical Applications of Nanomaterials: drug delivery, Cancer, Surgery, Nano robots,  and Cell repair.

128

Advance in Renewable Energy

College of Engineering

This course significantly  dive into the latest technique of renewable energy. It provides hours of workshop on how to build a renewable energy devices whether it was a wind-based mechanism or radiation-based mechanism.

129

sanitary sewage engineering

College of Engineering

This course provide and discuss the latest method and  strategies to enhance human community sanitation, notably by ensuring  the handling and disposal of human waste, as well as the provision of safe drinkable water

130

Buildings sustainability

College of Engineering

This course provide the latest strategies for sustaining and maintaining the buildings from material perspective (i.e. how to maintain the materials of buildings)

131

soil mechanics

College of Engineering

This course discuss the problems of soil failures and how to handle those problems.

132

Water Technologies

College of Engineering

This course discuss the latest technologies that provides top-quality water. This course also explain how to provides potential for local and integrated water supply solutions, as well as technology for the use and reuse of freshwater.

133

Molecular, Genes and diseases

_{Al Zahraa College Of Medicine}

The DNA double helix and genes are well known to all of us. Many of you know that mutations occur randomly, that the DNA sequence is read by successive groups of three bases (the codons), that many genes encode enzymes, and that gene expression can be regulated.

134

Nutritional metabolism

Al-Zahraa College of Medicine 

Nutritional management of inherited metabolic disorders is disease specific and aims to correct metabolic imbalances and promote growth and development by providing adequate nutrition while restricting or supplementing one or more nutrients as indicated by the disorder. In addition, in some disorders, nutritional therapy may have a greater impact, such as reducing the risk of brain damage, involvement of other organs, reducing the incidence of metabolic crises, and preventing coma and even death.

135

Entomology.

College of Education/Qurnah

The phylum Arthropoda Phylum, which belongs to the animal kingdom, includes several species that
share certain characteristics and differ in others with each other. Among these classes are Class lnsecta;
Helping the student to identify the basics of insects and know their importance for humans, animals and
plants and the damage resulting from them, benefit from beneficial insects, and know the possibility of
getting rid of their damage. Develop a complete perception for the student about entomology, types of insects, their relationship to the environment and humans, and their effects on nature, including practical applications through field trips and a laboratory study (for the practical part).

136

Mycology 

College of Education/Qurnah

The Mycology Course provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of fungi – their biology, biochemical properties and genetics, as well as their interactions with human beings and the ways in which they can contribute to our health and produce diseases.

137

Immunology

College of Education / Qurnah 

Curated from top educational institutions and industry leaders, our selection of Immunology courses aims to provide quality training for everyone—from individual learners seeking personal growth to corporate teams looking to upskill. For those pursuing professional advancement, skill acquisition, or even a new career path, these Immunology courses can be a valuable resource. Take the next step in your professional journey and enroll in a Immunology course today.

138

Animal management

College of Veterinary Medicine

Animal management is a field of study that focuses on the care, welfare, and husbandry of animals, where you can learn about the science of animal behaviour, health, nutrition, breeding, and genetics.

139

Anatomy 

College of Veterinary Medicine

Learn the anatomy basic to understanding five musculoskeletal injuries commonly seen in primary care medicine and orthopedic clinical specialty practice. Follow hypothetical patients from injury to operating room

140

Poultry management 

College of Veterinary Medicine

This course is about how to run a chicken production enterprise efficiently with low costs, low mortality, quicker turnover and consequently higher profits. Understand common terms used in chicken production

The course will concentrate on chicken welfare which involves, proper housing, spacing, feeding, feed mixing/formulation, heating, lighting, hygiene practices, vaccination and symptoms of sick chickens. There will be an extra section on the use of herbs to prevent and treat some of the diseases. You will be able to understand notable disease namely bird flue, new castle, coryza, IBD, mycloplasma, ascites and collibacilos. 

141

Animal nutrition 

College of Veterinary Medicine

Dive into the world of optimal animal nutrition with our comprehensive and captivating course on Udemy! Whether you're a passionate pet owner, aspiring animal scientist, or a seasoned rancher, this course will empower you with the knowledge to craft perfect diets that enhance health, performance, and well-being.

142

Embryology 

College of Veterinary Medicine

Embryology is the branch of biology that focuses on the study of embryos and their development. In the medical field, this branch narrows to the study of the development of human embryos, with the objective of finding the root causes of congenital abnormalities. For optimal understanding, the student needs to be familiar with the components of the cell, the cell cycle, cell division, gene expression, genome replication, the differences between diploid and haploid cells, and the process of fertilization. Basic knowledge of human anatomy is also required.

143

Veterinary pathology 

College of Veterinary Medicine

Veterinary anatomic and clinical pathologists are leaders in academic, industrial, diagnostic, and government spheres and are also leaders in a variety of alternative career fields. Additional information on the wide variety of educational and career opportunities available can be found below. 

144

Veterinary pharmacology 

College of Veterinary Medicine

Introduces learners to various drugs and other substances used in veterinary medicine. Learners will analyze drug classification, effects, side effects, uses and client education related to a wide variety of uses in the field of animal medicine. Learners will apply principles of client education, measurement, administration and safe storage of drugs used in veterinary medicine.

145

Mycotoxins 

College of Veterinary Medicine

The course aims at introducing mycotoxins as secondary metabolites produced by some fungi that are genetically capable of producing toxins when suitable environmental and nutritional conditions are available for them to produce their toxins.

146

Virus 

College of Veterinary Medicine

The basic virology course will help you understand the many types of viruses. You will learn about virus infection, virus replication, mutation and the affects they have on human health. Next, you will be learning about virus structure, viral genomes and genetics. By the end of this basic online virology course you will be able to understand how viruses attack and infect the human body.

147

Poultry diseases 

College of Veterinary Medicine

poultry diseases one of most important poultry science in this course I try to combine knowledge from references and academic lectures with field experience first steps in poultry diseases observing the diseased bird or sick bird and notice the clinical signs gasping respiratory signs indicate problem in respiratory system diarrhea indicate problem in digestive system

148

Infectious diseases 

College of Veterinary Medicine

This programme provides a broad understanding of infectious diseases through the core modules in public health, biostatistics and epidemiology, and the biology and control of infectious diseases which are taken by all students, together with the subsequent opportunities for specialised study in areas of the student’s own choice. 

149

Fertility and reproductive diseases 

College of Veterinary Medicine

Disease is an aberrant process affecting an organism or any of its parts and is generally associated with a negative influence on the organism. Reproductive diseases are those that have a primary or significant negative impact on fertility. Venereal diseases are a special class of reproductive disorders. They are infectious diseases that are primarily transmitted through coitus.

Infertility is the inability to produce offspring. Subfertility is a condition of less than normal or desired fertility, that is, a relative infertility. In common veterinary parlance however, the terms are used interchangeably to describe less than optimal functioning of a reproductive system and we will make no distinction between them here. Sterility is a term generally reserved for cases of profound, permanent infertility in individual animals.

150

Internal medicine 

College of Veterinary Medicine

Internal medicine, one of the most intellectually demanding medical specialties, focuses on the diagnosis and management of diverse diseases using a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, often involving small procedures. In this course, we invite medical students to embark on a comprehensive exploration of the main subspecialties within internal medicine, including cardiology, nephrology, and gastroenterology, among others.

151

Toxicology 

College of Veterinary Medicine

oxicology is the study of toxins. Toxins are substances that are toxic or harmful to the body. Toxins may be natural or artificial and they can harm the body and cause disablement or/and death.

According to the 'Encyclopedia of Toxicology', "Ancient in practice, toxicology came to be known simplistically as the ‘science of poisons,’ a poison being any substance that, at a given dose, is capable of causing a harmful outcome when administered, either by accident or by intention, to a living being.

'Today toxicology can be defined as “the study of all the adverse effects resulting from the interaction of chemicals or physical agents with living organisms

152

Common diseases

College of Veterinary Medicine

Everyone interested in health and how their body functions should read Understanding Common Diseases. We have chosen these diseases because they all affect different body systems and are common in the general population. You will hear from patients suffering from high blood pressure, heartburn, diabetes, and the common cold. We will be describing how patients experience the disease, the normal way the body system works and looking at how the disease affects function and how you and your doctor can best manage your health.

153

Animal surgery

College of Veterinary Medicine    

Veterinarians perform surgery on animals, and this type of surgery can be broadly classified into three areas: soft tissue surgery (which involves the skin, body cavities, circulatory system, GI/urogenital/respiratory tracts, and muscles), orthopaedics (which deals with bones, joints, and muscles), and neurosurgery. Veterinary surgeons (as registered in their jurisdiction) perform advanced surgical procedures like joint replacement (total hip, knee, and elbow replacement), fracture repair, stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament deficiency, oncologic (cancer) surgery, herniated disc treatment, complicated gastrointestinal or urogenital procedures, kidney transplant, skin grafts, complicated wound management, and minimally invasive procedures (arthroscopy, laparoscopy, thoracoscopy). While some conduct extra treatments, the majority of general practice veterinarians do basic surgeries such mass excisions and neuters.

154

Food safety 

College of Agriculture

This course in Food Safety teaches you about safe practices and procedures within food service operations. A solid sanitation and safety program is vital for any food service operation, big or small. By the end of the course you'll know all about the individual cleanliness guidelines applicable to everyone within sanitation and safety operations, as well as the important role the manager plays in these operations.

155

Bacteriocins 

College of Agriculture

Microbes produce an extraordinary array of microbial defense systems. These include broad-spectrum classical antibiotics, metabolic byproducts, such as the lactic acids produced by lactobacilli, lytic agents such as lysozymes, numerous types of protein exotoxins, and bacteriocins, which are loosely defined as biologically active protein moieties with a bacteriocidal mode of action. 

156

Food microbiology

College of Agriculture

Eating healthily plays a crucial role in maintaining one’s health so adopting a realistic and safe food culture is vital to global food security. This food safety and microbiology course establishes the importance of ‘good’ bacteria like probiotics. We study food spoilage, food preservation and foodborne diseases. We also identify career opportunities for microbiologists in the food industry and describe their duties and the challenges they face.

157

Dairy microbiology 

College of Agriculture

This course on constituents of milk and microbial growth explains in detail whey proteins and their structure. You will learn about the different types of carbohydrates present in milk. You will also be able to differentiate between the major and minor constituents of milk. By the end of this course, you will become familiar with factors that combine to determine which microbes grow in a particular food and at what rate.

158

Soil microbiology 

College of Agriculture

This Soil Science and Technology is a course that offers a comprehensive guide to understanding, applying, and managing soil processes along with the advanced technologies for soil management. Learn about soil formation processes, chemical processes in the soil, remediating soil pollutants, and soil technologies such as GPS and DSM. Begin the course today and improve your knowledge of soil processes and management today.

159

Bee science

College of Agriculture

This course is designed to acquaint the student with the broad field of beekeeping. It will include honey bee biology and behaviour, management for honey production, products of the hive, pests and enemies and the value of bees as pollinators of agricultural crops.                

160

Fermented food

College of Agriculture

Fermentation: The Science of Cooking with Microbes, you will explore the history of food and beverage fermentations and how it changes and enhances flavors, aromas, and tastes. You will engage with your peers in kitchen science, discussing how and why fermentation does or does not happen and what conditions you should consider to create the right growth opportunities.

161

Advanced Pharmaceutical Analyses

College of Pharmacy

To study spectrometric methods used for identification and characterization of organic compounds, including UV, IR, MASS and NMR spectroscopy; it enables students to understand the applications of these techniques Course Objective for qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds

162

Analytical Chemistry

College of Pharmacy

To provide students with a sound theoretical back ground in chemical principles that is essential to practice chemical analysis. It enables students to understand the importance of judging the accuracy and precision of experimental data and techniques of quantitative analysis, and also to show that theory frequently serves as a useful guide to the solution of analytical problems.

163

Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry

College of Pharmacy

To present a review of the principles of inorganic chemistry that applied to medicinal and /or pharmaceutical chemistry. It includes understanding atomic and molecular structures, and explanation of atomic structures and the relationship with binding forces and complexation. It also describes inorganic products used as pharmaceutical preparations or diagnostic tools.

164

Organic Chemistry

College of Pharmacy

To enable students to understand the chemistry of carbon, and the classification, properties and reactions of organic compounds. It includes understanding the basic structure and properties of organic halides, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones and amines, in addition to the principles and application of stereochemistry on these compounds.

165

Pharmacology

College of Pharmacy

Introduction to pharmacology including effect of drugs on the body and effect of body on drugs in addition to antibiotics study.

166

General toxicology

College of Pharmacy

Understanding the mechanism of toxicity of different toxins, chemicals, drugs overdose and explaining the general principles of Course Objective toxicity.

167

Clinical toxicology

College of Pharmacy

Understanding the toxicity of different drugs on human regarding toxic signs and treatment with antidote.

168

Medical Terminology

College of Pharmacy

It concerns with the medical terms that involves during study, which include: disease, organs, conditions and so on in order to Course Objective make terms that face students easy to know.

169

Clinical pharmacy

College of Pharmacy

Taught in this subject the correct clinical method for the diagnosis of diseases and conditions that may be faced by the pharmacist directly in pharmacies or through hospitals, health centers and how to deal with it (either by giving the appropriate treatment or advised the patient specific advice and guidance to visit a specialist doctor).

170

Applied therapeutic

College of Pharmacy

This subject is totally extension of the substance of clinical pharmacy that studied in the fourth stage, but broader and more comprehensive than in the diagnosis of advanced cases of the disease and to enter the details of pathological cases hand (of the causes and progression of the disease and the way down to the details of how to cure and drugs use).

171

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

College of Pharmacy

In this article drug concentration in the blood is measured in order to give the true dose and times appropriate for special medicine given for a certain class of people (for instance those who disease, kidney or liver, etc.) in order to prevent the accumulation of the drug within the human body or give a high dose causing poisoning from which.

172

Pharmacoeconomic

College of Pharmacy

Studying the financial value of the drug product and compare it with another. Where the cost of the medicine expense of production to his arrival to the markets to the consumer. The purpose of teaching is to get less expensive with higher productivity and the quality of the drug product.

173

Hospital training

College of Pharmacy

Student taught diseases and how to deal with them and that will be present in the private lounges (internal medicine, general surgery, gynecology and pediatric departments) through direct presence in these hallways and direct contact with the patient in order to learn how to diagnose the disease through the signs and symptoms of the patient.

174

Medical Terminology

College of Pharmacy

It concerns with the medical terms that involves during study, which include: disease, organs, conditions and so on in order to Course Objective make terms that face students easy to know.

175

Pharmaceutical Calculation

College of Pharmacy

It involves computation of pharmaceutical ingredients, dosage forms, pharmaceutical formulations of extemporaneous  compounding, and!biological parameters of drug substances.

176

Principles of Pharmacy Practice

College of Pharmacy

Involves brief!information about old pharmacy. It teaches kinds of numbers, abbreviations that are commonly used in prescriptions and their meanings. In this course the students will understand the components of typical rescription,the!different unit systems and the
relation between these systems.

177

Physical Pharmacy

College of Pharmacy

To understand the application of quantitative and theoretical principles of the physical characters of matter in the practice of pharmacy. it aids the pharmacists in their attempt!to predict the solubility, compatibility and biological activity of drug products.

178

Pharmaceutical Technology

College of Pharmacy

To teach theoretical bases for the technology of preparing different dosage forms with respect to their raw materials,compositions, methods of preparation, stability, storage and uses.

The branch of biology that deals with the microscopic study of different structures and functions of living organisms is called Histology It is a specialized field that focuses on the study of tissues and their structure at the microscopic level. Histology is concerned with the identification, classification, and analysis of the microscopic structure of cells, tissues, and organs. It is an essential field in biology as it helps to understand the structure and function of different organs and tissues in living organisms.

The course deals with important vocabulary in various biological fields of microbiology of bacteria, fungi and viruses, their role in the environment in which they inhabit, and the effects that these microorganisms show in the environment, and their use as biological treatment methods using modern and environmentally friendly techniques, depending on the capabilities of microorganisms. Diverse and effective, which contributes to building experienced students.also the practical side of the course include experiment of isolation of microorganisms and transformation of metals through the scientific laboratory experiment.

This course aims to provide students with basic information about a group of vertebrates and a comparative anatomical study of the different systems of these groups, such as the skeletal system, digestive system, respiratory system, reproductive system, excretory system, body cavity, skin, nervous system and sense organs .  In order for the student to become familiar with the basic differences between animal groups in terms of similarity and anatomical differences between them and link them to the science of embryonic.

Environmental microbiology

This course provides the student with the ability to identify groups Microorganisms in the environment, their environmental role, and how to benefit from them of them in our daily lives.

Automated separation and analysis methods

College of Science

The course covers the most important analytical methods used in Lab to identify and separate different elements. Chemicals from aqueous solutions are found in different environments. This course provides an opportunity for students and graduates from. Environment section to learn about automation. Tools used in separation and analysis processes. Chemical elements, compounds and environmental toxins.

Wetland environment

College of Science

The course defines types and classification Wetlands in the world and study their characteristics. Factors affecting the existence of living organisms. Environmental stress that led to the revival of wetlands and adapted to resist change in environmental factors. Determine the importance of wetland functions Its biological diversity.

College of Science

The course on water and soil pollution is concerned with defining the most important types of environmental pollutants, their sources, causes, their dangerous effects on living organisms, ecological balance and the ecosystem, and knowing the most important ways to prevent these pollutants and ways to reduce or eliminate their risks.

College of Science

Meteorology

College of Science

This course gives for the students the knowledge of components and characteristics of the atmosphere. It gives for the students the knowledge of how weather phenomena creating in the atmosphere. It gives for the students the knowledge of the causes of climate changes and various weather phenomena and their effects on the environment.

College of Science

This course aims to develop the student's ability to identify the types of industrial pollutants in the environment, their sources, and how to treat them before and after they are released to the environment.

College of Science

The student’s ability to identify the methods of treatment in the environment of Know the basic methods of treating water in the environment Learn how to obtain clean water in a clean environment. Identify the devices used in purification in different environments. Knowing the effect of various environmental factors on purification methods. Knowing the environmental role that microorganisms play in different environments in the treatment methods.

Waste treatment and recycling

College of Science

The student's ability to manage solid waste and how to reuse or recycle it using scientific methods in the environment and how to benefit from it in our daily life. The student's knowledge of the basic issues of waste management in the environment. Understand how waste affects the different environment and how it is affected by it. Identifying the human role in waste management in different environments. Knowing the impact of various environmental factors on the presence of waste in the environment. Knowing the environmental role that waste plays in different environments and its effects on humans and health. Knowing the pros and cons of the role of waste management in different environments and how to harness it for the benefit of humankind.

Ecophysiology

College of Science

The student's ability to identify the various environmental factors and their impact on the performance of the functions of living organisms. Knowing the harms and benefits from the presence of the organism in different environments and how to harness it for the benefit of humans. Skills objectives of the course. Practical identification of environmental factors. identifying in a practical way the impact of environmental factors on the functions of the organism.

Invertebrate Animals.

Invertebrates are the largest group of animals on earth. Separated into 8 distinct phyla, they include octopodes, starfish, crabs, bees, butterflies, and more. Much of the earth's ecosphere and agricultural production is dependent on the actions of invertebrates. In this course, you'll learn about: naming systems and classification, key differences between small invertebrates and plants, invertebrate significance to human health, and invertebrate significance to agriculture

It is one of the courses of the Basic Sciences branch that is concerned with studying organic and inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, and analytical chemistry. Theoretical: It includes several lectures that deal with inorganic chemistry by studying acids, bases, salts, and ions. Organic chemistry talks about carbon compounds, then it studies life chemistry represented by carbohydrates, fats, proteins, etc. Practical: The student conducts several chemical experiments within the prescribed curriculum and records reports on the results and steps taken in the experiment.

It is one of the courses in the Basic Sciences branch that is concerned with the study of living organisms, some vital processes, and the relationship between them. Theoretical: It includes several lectures, the first section of which deals with living organisms, the cell, and vital activities, the second section of which deals with the topic of parasites, their types, their life cycle, and methods of reproduction, while the third section of which talks about tissues and their classifications. Practical: You study the general instructions and use of the microscope and its tools, then move on to study each parasite and its life cycle, then some tissues. It depends mainly on your use of the microscope and your observation of the samples.

One of the classes of Department of Dental Processing and Cosmetic Dentistry, dental anatomy is dedicated to the study of human teeth structures and their formation, development in the mouth, appearance, classification, and functions. The theoretical study of dental anatomy includes a number of classes, starting with an introduction describing the names of all the teeth and some denture-related terminologies. Then, dental anatomy is dedicated to studying the anatomy of each teeth and describing its form and function. In the field of practical study of dental anatomy, students are trained for carving teeth (dental carving) on wax blocks, based on the illustrations made within the theoretical study of dental anatomy.

One of the courses of Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, general anatomy is dedicated to the study of the anatomy (dissection) of the dental formula and the structure of tooth parts and the connections between all the teeth. The theoretical study of general anatomy includes a number of classes, starting with an introduction describing the anatomical terminology. Then, the classes are dedicated to the study of human anatomy along with its organisms and systems. In the classes of practical study of general anatomy, students are acquainted with the body parts that have been studied anatomically within the classes of the theoretical study, using samples available in the lab.

One of the courses of Department of Basic Sciences, medical physics is aimed at connecting the subjects of physics with medicine and the application of such subjects thereto. It also studies how to use the laws of physics to explain the human body functions. The theoretical study of medical physics starts with the study of (physical) levers, bodily movements and heat, followed by the study of energy, its types, pressure and rays and their relations with human body. The study also includes algorithmic processes and other scientific issues. As for practical study, physical experiments are conducted in laboratories by different groups of students. Each group then produces a report comprising the theories, explanations, measures, and algorithmic processes plus diagrams used in these experiments.

Recently, and more specifically with the beginning of the 21^st century, computer sciences have had the major role in running the majority of different jobs. Therefore, learning at least the basics and skills of computer science has become a necessity. The theoretical study of computer science starts with the study of the hardware (i.e. tools, machinery and other physical components of a computer), followed by the study of the internal systems of computers. Then comes the study of communication technology via the internet and cell phone networks. The theoretical study also touches on the roles played by computers and computer technology in the fields of dentistry. As for the practical study, students inside the computer labs learn the skills of using the Microsoft software and the skills of typing.

The University curriculum pays much attention to the students’ learning such topics as human rights, freedoms, international laws, paragraphs of the Constitution of Iraq, human rights charter and global organizations.

In fields of medicine, certain terms are used, most of which are of Latin and Greek vocabulary as well as other foreign languages. Those working in fields of medicine must learn these words and terminology. The theoretical study of Medical Terminology is dedicated to teaching the medical terminology along with their roots, their structures and the names of human organs and systems. It is also dedicated to teaching the names of diseases, the methods of diagnosis and the electronic devices used in the field of medicine generally and dentistry particularly.

One of the classes of Department of Basic Sciences, general histology is dedicated to the study of cells and tissues generally. The theoretical study of general histology is concerned with studying human tissues and cells and their types, functions and classifications according to the body systems. The practical study in the lab of histology includes testing, drawing and learning lab samples of the tissues that have been explained theoretically.

Although resembling the study of general histology to a great extent, oral histology is dedicated to the study of the tissues of mouth and teeth particularly. The theoretical study of oral histology is concerned with the study of oral tissues and histological structures of dental pulps, gums, and tongue… etc. The practical study of oral histology is concerned with studying the sound tissues that have been theoretically explained under microscopes.

One of the classes of Department of Basic Sciences, classes of biochemistry are complementary to the classes of medicinal chemistry. Biochemistry, a combination of chemistry and biology, is concerned with the study of all the chemical reactions and processes inside human organisms. The theoretical study of biochemistry focuses on the study of the methods of metabolism (the self-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms) for different compositions, such as fats and carbohydrates. It also studies the methods of producing, eliminating and converting (food/fuel) to energy. In the practical study, a number of different analyses are tested to recognize the method of analytic diagnosis of many diseases, including kidney and liver diseases.

The most important of the basics of medicine is anatomy. Distinctively, the classes of general anatomy are focused on the head and neck anatomy. The importance of this branch of anatomy lies in its being the basic material of and the introductory to studying oral surgery. The theoretical classes of general anatomy are concerned with the study of the anatomy of the face and neck, the central nervous system, muscles, bones, cavities, and knuckles. It is preferable to use diagrams and internet-based holographic projection of a series of images and videos (holovids) as well as laboratorial holograms and diagrams to facilitate learning and understanding. In the practical study, anatomy laboratories illustrate the subjects that have been explained theoretically on plastic holograms or natural mummies.

One of the classes of Department of Basic Sciences, embryology is regarded as of special importance to dental professions generally and pediatric dentistry particularly. The theoretical study of embryology is concerned with the study of the prenatal development and the stages of the development of the fetus, beginning with the fertilized egg, which develops into blastocyst, an embryo, then a fetus and ending with birth according to the classification of body organs. It also includes the study of birth deformities and genetic disorders.

Classes of dental industry are the introductory scientific course to Department of Dental Industry. Focus must be made to the basic laboratorial aspect of this profession. The theoretical study of dental industry is exclusively dedicated to the study of the steps of manufacturing complete movable artificial dentures to be provided to patients who lost all of their teeth. This is the foundational stage in the upcoming classes of dental industry. Therefore, concentration and note-taking are the most active means for achieving the utmost advantage. As for practical study, in laboratories of dental industry, the steps of manufacturing complete movable artificial dentures and perfect dentition are learnt.

he classes of dental materials are concerned with the study of the materials used in the various fields of dentistry, such as dental industry, treatment and preventive care. As for the theoretical study, initially the materials used in the fields of dentistry are studied, including the materials of dental molds and impressions, their structures, the advantages and disadvantages of dental molds, and how to use them. After that, the materials of dental treatments and fillings are taught. Practical study is made in the lab of dental materials where students are taught the ways of using each material and the different commercial brands of dental core build-up materials.

Resembling the classes of human rights to some extent, the classes of freedom and democracy include an introduction to democracy and its history, kinds, systems and ways of application, in addition to other conspicuous topics on culture and politics. Physiology: Classes of physiology are dedicated to the study of functions and mechanisms in a living system, as well as the interactions between body organs. The theoretical study of physiology is concerned with the study of such important body system as the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the circulatory system, and the function of each organ in these systems besides their effects on the body. Physiological and functional diseases are also studied. Practically, in the physiology lab students perform experiments of blood analysis for their colleagues and then test the samples under microscopes. They also learn the most important apparatuses used in performing such experiments and tests.

One of the courses of Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, the classes of oral surgery are concerned with teaching the students the surgical instruments, sterilization, and anesthesia, plus methods, mechanism and types of dental extraction. In the classes of theoretical oral surgery, a practical material is given to students to make them understand oral surgery theoretically. This material is thus the guide of students throughout their exercising the profession of dentistry. Follow-up of and concentration on the lectures of theoretical oral surgery are the only way to excellent learning. Other ways are writing down helpful notes and paying much attention to the explained material. Practically, by the use of illustrative puppets, students put into practice what they’ve learned, such as the basics of anesthesia and the techniques of simple and surgical dental extraction.

One of the classes of Department of Basic Sciences, microbiology is dedicated to the study of the structure, properties and act of bacteria, parasites, and pathogenic viruses. It also studies the diseases caused by such micro-organisms along with the way of diagnosis and treatment. The theoretical study of microbiology deals elaborately with some most common kinds of bacteria, parasites and viruses, especially those causing oral and dental diseases. The study thus requires students to continually learn the most important points and terminology of microbiology. The practical study of microbiology is done in microbiology lab where students learn the most important tests needed by dentists to diagnose infectious diseases and the ways of implanting and identifying the classes and properties of bacteria and parasites found in the lab.

Also known as dental prosthesis or prosthetic dentistry, prosthodontics is the basic function of a dentist. It includes restoring missing teeth, missing parts of teeth and the colored teeth for purpose of cosmetics. The theoretical study of prosthodontics includes many exact details of dental burs techniques, caries removal and dental compensation through fillings, bridges or fixed dental prostheses (crowns). Students can learn all these details so accurately in this theoretical study. Furthermore, they learn the modalities of sterilization most suitable to the instruments and workplaces. Practically, students put into practice what they’ve learned in the classes of theoretical study in the lab of dental fillings, using artificial dentures and illustrative puppets.

A physico-medical discipline of Department of Oral Diagnosis, radiology deals with the types of radiological technology used in the field of dentistry, in addition to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and other imaging techniques. Theoretically, the academic year of the classes of radiology starts with detailed explanation of the physicality of X-ray devices and the way they work. For the students to understand these matters requires them to follow up and comprehend the material given in these classes. Students are also taught the radiography technology, its angles and types, and how to read and diagnose radiographs. In order to apply practically the theoretical classes of radiology, a laboratorial study must be added. Of course, the radiology lab is of great importance, since it is the only practical way to train students for performing one of the most important steps of oral diagnosis. The most important steps thereof are: Points of entry, angle, position of head and position of cone, and film.

One of the most important medical sciences that are essentially needed by physicians, pharmacology is dedicated to the study of drug and medication action, especially the dentistry-involved medicines that leave positive effects on patients. In the theoretical classes of pharmacology, explanations of the classifications of the most commonly used medicines are given, especially those which affect negatively the plans of dentists’ treatments and may occasionally expose the patients’ lives to danger. The material of these classes need much understanding, concentration and follow-up. The theoretical lectures are re-explained practically in the lab in the form of seminars prepared and submitted by the students, or in the form of detailed explanation of cases that need to be treated by the medicines that have been explained theoretically.

Social medicine is dedicated to the study of the ways of taking census of the common diseases, their conditions, the areas of their prevalence, and the ways of their transmission among people. The classes of social medicine might sometimes comprise some statistics. In the classes of practical study of social medicine, presentations of difference diseases are prepared and introduced by the students.

Genera pathology is a program of study concerned with the study of the most common functional disorders and infectious diseases. The theoretical classes of general pathology teach the students the most common pathogens (organisms that cause disease), pathogenic diseases, and ways of diagnosis through histological examination and cellular and histological changes. Understanding the material of these classes requires the students to write it down and draw diagrams in order to memorize the repeated information. As for the practical study, the histological examination lab displays images of infected tissues, focusing on the most important properties of both healthy and infected tissues.

One of the courses of Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, this course is the second part of the series of dental industry study. The theoretical study of dental industry is dedicated to the study of how to manufacture fixed-movable dental bridges for patients who lost parts of their teeth. It also studies the material and the devices used in such dental industry as well as the technology thereof. In the second part of the series of practical dental industry study, the study is practically presented in teaching dental industry laboratories. This stage is relatively simpler than the previous stage, because the same steps are repeated, while the one and only difference may be that dental bridge-fixing wires are added, and certain designs are chosen for each case separately.

Of great importance to every physician and dentist, internal medicine is the medical specialty dealing with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of internal chronic and most common diseases. The theoretical classes of internal medicine are concerned with the study of the symptoms and diagnosis of some most common internal diseases, especially those interfering with the work of dentists, such as blood and heart diseases. Thus, these theoretical classes require very much attention and sustained follow-up paid by students. The practical study of internal medicine takes the form of tutorials in hospitals (namely, the Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital and Al-Mawani General Hospital), for the students to have a field idea about the applied aspect of internal medicine, especially the cases that have been explained within the theoretical study.

It is one of the basic courses in the field of maxillofacial surgery. The theoretical classes of general surgery are concerned with teaching the basics of general surgery, side effects, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring the patients.Surgical laboratories, where the practical study of general surgery is given, are usually found in the surgical units of teaching hospitals, where students can have a field idea about the cases that have been explained theoretically and can develop their skills of dealing with patients and clinical examinations.

Along with more details and clinical aspects, this is the second station of oral surgery, complementary to what students have learned in the third year classes of oral surgery. The classes of theoretical study of oral surgery are concerned with teaching the students the techniques of oral surgery, the methods of preventive care and sterilization, the tools used in oral surgery, surgical diseases and tumors and many other related issues. As for practical study, in teaching clinics of oral surgery students give surgical treatments to a number of patients of different oral conditions and defects. It is however necessary to observe sterilization, protection, and most accurate diagnosis. Yet, what is more important for students is to master the techniques of aesthesis and dental extraction. Students should also focus on the details deliberately.

Classes of periodontal diseases explain the basic course of periodontal diseases field of specialty. The theoretical classes of periodontal diseases are concerned with the study of the biological, mechanical and chemical impacts on the hygiene of the periodontal tissues (tissues that surround and support the teeth) as well as the most common periodontal diseases and the prevention and treatment methods. Practical study is performed in the teaching clinic of periodontal diseases where students are taught practically how to diagnose such diseases and how to treat them. The most important step lies in the primary diagnosis.

One of the courses of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Preventive Care, the classes of pediatric dentistry are dedicated to the study of the dental treatments of a certain age group and the study of this age group’s dental diseases and preventive care.The theoretical classes of pediatric dentistry are concerned with the study of the formation of primary teeth and the methods of tooth eruption and treatment. They are also concerned with teaching the proper ways of dealing with children plus the ways of diagnosing and treating their special cases. Follow-up of these theoretical classes is very important, and so is noting down the material.

One of the course of Department of Oral Diagnosis, the classes of oral diseases explain the diseases that affect the mouth and the accompanying histological changes. The classes of theoretical study of oral diseases start with a swift review of oral anatomy of the tissues that surround the mouth and teeth. They then study the most common diseases that affect the tissues of the mouth, including the tongue, the inner lining of the mouth, and the salivary glands. These classes require careful follow-up and note-writing. The practical study of oral diseases is concerned with examinations of diseased tissues of the mouth and the study of their structures, components and the changes that have occurred to them. It also includes a study of the methods of collecting oral histological samples.

One of the courses of Department of Dental Industry, this course is the third part of the series of dental industry study, which is accompanied by an applied study of the clinical part thereof. The theoretical study of dental industry is concerned with the study of the laboratorial and clinical aspects of the steps of the manufacturing of fixed-movable partial dentures for patients who have lost part of their teeth. The study requires linking the information learnt in the third and the fourth year classes along with note-writing. In the teaching clinic of dental industry, the classes of practical study of dental industry are given, where students learn how to deal with patients and the steps of treatment for completing the compensational fragments. The marks of students are decided according to the fragments they accomplish, which are usually four to six fragments, along with taking into account the variety of cases.

Classes of orthodontics are concerned with the study of the basics of orthodontics (the treatment and prevention of irregularities of the teeth and jaws), as one of the branches of dentistry, in addition to the diagnosis, treatment and preventive care. In the beginning, the theoretical classes of orthodontics explain the teeth growth and eruption, in addition to their ages, natural movements, their structural relationships and their impacts on the teeth arrangement. Then comes the study of such topics as the muscular and behavioral effects and the bad habits and their impacts on the teeth. The classes then go on to present treatment methods of the previously explained cases. Follow-up of the lectures and daily study are highly required. Also, having full acquaintance with the available cases is the guide to excellence in study. In the practical classes, students are trained practically by the use of artificial molds in order to learn the possible ways of treatment for each case alone and in each lab. In order for the students to get full information and the best understanding, they are recommended to attend all these practical classes and work meticulously inside the labs.

 A program of study complementary to the third-year class of prosthodontics, this year’s classes of dental restorations touch on more details and deal with the clinical side of prosthodontics. In the beginning of the theoretical study, the concepts of preventive treatments, accurate diagnosis and its methods, the materials used in dental fillings and their properties are studied. Thereafter, treatments of the different tooth root decays are studied. Finally, the study is focused on dental root fillings, their materials and methods of treatment; i.e. endodontic treatments (the study of dental pulp and tissues surrounding the roots of a tooth). The practical study of dental restoration is made in the teaching clinic of dental fillings and restoration, where students are taught to treat a number of patients, taking into consideration the diversity of dental decay cases and the different types of dental fillings.

Oral medicine is a study material complementary to the oral diseases material that is studied at Department of Maxillofacial Surgery. The theoretical study of oral medicine is concerned with the study of the methods of diagnosis and treatments of the oral ulcers, tumors, cancer and the like. Students are required to pay much attention to the lectures of oral medicine, for these lectures are very useful in the professional life of dentists. In the practical classes of oral medicine, two cases of oral ulcers and one case of timporomandibular join disorder (TMJ) are treated practically, depending on the methods explained in the classes of theoretical study of oral medicine. A periodic follow-up of the treated cases is very important. 

Oral surgery is the final step that trains students for a future study for master degree in the field of oral surgery. The theoretical classes of oral surgery are concerned with the study of surgical interventions in operations of the extraction of decayed and embedded teeth and oral cysts and tumors, the treatment of dental fractures and strokes, and dental implant. The practical study of oral surgery involves the treatment of several cases in the teaching clinic of oral surgery. Besides, there is an additional case representing the students’ presence in two oral surgical operations as surgeon assistants, which is equal to ten marks approximately. Student are highly recommended to start participations in oral surgical operations at the beginning of the academic year.

The periodontal diseases classes are concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of gum diseases. This material is complementary to the previously studied classes of general pathology. In the theoretical classes of periodontal diseases, the gum diseases are explained along with the diagnosis and treatment methods. The most advanced technology used in the treatment of periodontal diseases is also explained. The classes of practical study of periodontal diseases teach the ways of treating cases of periodontal calcification, stains and inflammations.

Pediatric dentistry is concerned with the study of the problems of primary dentition (deciduous teeth), the methods of their maintenance, and the preventive methods from future problems in children’s teeth. This is the final episode in the teaching series of the academic study of Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Classes of theoretical study of pediatric dentistry involve a set of seminars prepared and presented by the students as is required from them by their teachers. Practical study is done in the teaching clinics of pediatric dental decay, extraction and gum diseases, where students are taught the treatments of such problems. However, most students face difficulties of dealing with children, especially the uncooperative and the feisty. Such difficulties can be solved by such methods as encouraging them, giving presents, and managing one’s anger and agitation.

Complementary to the dental industry classes of the previous stages of study, the material of dental industry is the final step in the path of the dental industry field of specialty. Classes of theoretical study of pediatric dentistry involve a set of forums prepared and presented by the students on topics that have already been specified by lecturers and teachers. Practical study of dental industry is done in the teaching clinic where students are taught the methods of treatment of a certain number of complete dentures and semi-complete dentures cases. It is necessary for students to learn fully the information that has been given in the previous parts of the dental industry programs of study.

This material is complementary to the material studied in the previous stages in the field of dental fillings. Most graduates of dental colleges confirm that the classes of dental restoration are the most important and most practical classes in their working lives. In the first term of the theoretical study of dental restoration, explanations are given about the methods of treatment with root canal fillings. In the second term, the methods of treatment with fixed prosthetic bridges and cosmetic dental crowns are explained. The practical study of classes of dental restoration involves the treatment of ten cases of normal dental fillings and two cases of root canal fillings. Each case takes four or more sessions. Importantly, the material and the suitable tools to be used in each session must be prepared before the start of the practical session.

The material of orthodontics is actually the basic entry to those who aspire to get a master degree in this field. This material is complementary to the classes of orthodontics studied in the fourth year classes, along with clinical classes. The theoretical study of orthodontics is concerned with the study of the physicality of manufacturing various types of molds of correcting the irregularities of the teeth and jaws in addition to the study of the diagnosis and the methods of simple but necessary treatments. Besides, the different parts of the fixed-movable orthodontic devices and their functions are studied. The practical study of orthodontics involves the treatment of one case only, preferably a less than 12-year-old infant, in addition to a follow-up of two other cases different than the aforesaid basic case. It is very important for students to attend these practical classes. What is even more important is for students to pay very much attention to the material given and note down the remarks mentioned by the supervisors on the clinics during the practical sessions. After finishing the treatment, students are required to prepare for a seminar to explain the diagnosis of the case, the methods of treatment, and the steps taken, along with attaching illustrative images.

Preventive medicine is concerned with the theoretical and practical study of the methods of dental preventive care and protecting the oral tissues from being affected by diseases. The theoretical study of preventive medicine is concerned with the study of the methods of prevention of dental diseases such as tooth decay, gum diseases and the other oral diseases. It also teaches the correct way of the use of fluoride and the correct ways of toothbrush. The practical study of preventive medicine involves the treatment of two cases, one of which is the applying of fluoride to the children’s primary teeth, while the other is the applying of the fissure sealants (the plastic coatings painted on the grooves of the back teeth). Both cases are treated in the teaching clinic of preventive medicine.